Aizenberg, Edna. “Argentine Space, Jewish Memory: Memorials to the Blown Apart and Disappeared in Buenos Aires.” Mortality 12, no. 2 (May 2007): 109–23. doi:10.1080/13576270701255099. This article focuses on Buenos Aires’ twentieth-century history of dictatorship, disappearance, and terrorism to analyze the issues involved in memorial building and the performance of remembering at the site of the AMIA. The 1994 bombing of the AMIA community center in Buenos Aries destroyed the most important Jewish building in Latin America.
“Argentina Orders Inquiry Into 1992 Bombing of Israeli Embassy.” New York Times 148, no. 51514 (May 6, 1999): A19. Argentina’s Interior Minister Carlos Corach ordered an investigation into an audiotape implicating the local police in the 1992 bombing of the Israel Embassy. This reports on the questioning of the head of the Buenos Aires police and comments from Israeli Ambassador Yitzhak Aviran.
“Argentine History, from Its Origins to Its Colonization.” Argentina Excepcion, 1 Aug. 2016, www.argentina-excepcion.com/en/travel-guide/history/origins-colonization. This website shares the earliest time period for which life in Argentina dates back to. It helps to know a time period to research and outline.
Augusta, Silvia. Vernacular Architecture in the Cuyo Region (Argentina). Architecture, City and Environment, 2011.https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/handle/2099/10950/ACE_17_SA_10.pdf?sequence=9&isAllowed=y There is limited details on the urban structure of indigenous settlements. This source provides images and explanations on the different regions that existed and the different architectural style they each had.
Buenos Aires (Argentina). 1916. Plano De La Ciudad De Buenos Aires, Capital De La República Argentina Con El Trazado General De Calles. Buenos Aires: Municipalidad de la Capital, 1916. The images included in this set are the city plan of Buenos Aires in the year 1916. They contain a full map of the city, broken up into separate images to ensure quality, visibility and attention to street details. This is an important primary source for evaluating the city plans at different points in time, comparing this plan with the current city plan.
Campesi, Giuseppe. “Policing, Urban Poverty and Insecurity in Latin America: The Case of Mexico City and Buenos Aires.” Theoretical Criminology 14, no. 4 (November 2010): 447–71. This source discusses the public fear and concerns among the citizens of Buenos Aires that was present in the late twentieth century. There was a feeling of lack of safety and distrust in government officials.
Carrasco, Morita. Los Derechos De Los Pueblos Indígenas En Argentina. Asociación De Comunidades Aborígenes, 2000.ISBN: 9508434295 The civil rights of every citizen is important to take care of. This book reflects on the ignorance that the government in Argentina had for the indegenous people who were displaced and in turn deprived from equal rights.
Centner, Ryan. 2009. Conflictive sustainability landscapes: the neoliberal quagmire of urban environmental planning in Buenos Aires, Local Environment, 14: (2) 173-192. Centner has written a research paper concerning one of the more modern issues facing Argentina: sustainable development and environmental justice. He completes a full analysis of the policies and contexts of the environmental movement in Buenos Aires’ development. This will add a unique perspective that is probably not discussed in any of the other resources or articles that will be cited on the website.
Cosacov, Natalia, and Mariano D. Perelman. "Struggles over the Use of Public Space: Exploring Moralities and Narratives of Inequaility. Cartoneros and Vesinos in Buenos Aires." Journal of Latin American Studies 47, no. 3 (Auguest 2015): 521-42. This source examines the use and struggles over public space in middle class and central neighborhoods of Buenos Aires. The article comments on the class inequalities and how they are reproduced and generated through the use of public space.
Faulk, Karen Ann. “The Death of an Argentine Prosecutor and the Moral Economy of Truth.” Public Culture 31, no. 1 (January 2019): 173–96. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-7181880. This article discusses the speculation of Argentinian prosecutor Alberto Nisman death a day before he was meant to present his report on the 1994 bombing of a Jewish Center. He had suspicious relations with the president and foreign minister that led to an analysis of his death.
Gallo,Adrianna. "Posicionaniento De La Derecha v Comportamiento Electoral En La Ciudad De Buenos Aires. Analisis De Los Comicios Portnos De 2007." Documentos y Aportes En Administracion Publica y Gestion Estatal 8, no. 10 (July 2009): 29-74. This source describes how current President of Buenos Aires Mauricio Macri won in all social sectors. It analyzes how the vote for the right may have come from the confidence in values linked to the right. These values include the rejection of inefficiency, instability, and infringement of the law.
Gordillo, Gaston, and Silvia Hirsch. Indigenous Struggles and Contested Identities in Argentina Histories of Invisibilization and Reemergence. American Anthropological Association, 2003.https://www.academia.edu/12023179/Indigenous_Struggles_and_Contested_Identities_in_Argentina_Histories_of_Invisibilization_and_Reemergence This source describes the different communities that existed in what is known today as Argentina and the different challenges that arose through Spanish Colonization. It includes a lot of maps and pictures of the indigenous tribes.
Guano, E. (2002). Ruining the President’s spectacle: theatricality and telepolitics in the Buenos Aires public sphere. Journal of Visual Culture, 1(3), 303–323. This source explains the political protest that took place in 1997 at the Plaza del Congreso, illustrating that public spaces can be used to defy the state, even if they are in a place that is classified as being owned by the state.
Guano, Emanuela. 2002."Spectacles of modernity: transnational imagination and local hegemonies in neoliberal Buenos Aires." Cultural Anthropology 17, (2): 181-209. This title evaluates the built environment of Buenos Aires relative to the concepts of both modernity and neoliberalism. Guano analyzes the contributing factors to the mix of architectural elements and planning styles that can be seen today, describing the economic and political trends in the 20th century.
Hardoy, Ana, Jorge E. Hardoy, and Ricardo Schusterman. “Building Community Organization: The History of a Squatter Settlement and Its Own Organizations in Buenos Aires.” Environment and Urbanization 3, no. 2 (October 1991): 104–20. doi:10.1177/095624789100300215. This article highlights the importance of community based organizations within a city and it credits the city of Buenos Aires for being able to establish such organizations in order to help them reach the position that they are in right now.
Gordillo, G. and Hirsch, S. (2003), Indigenous Struggles and Contested Identities in Argentina Histories of Invisibilization and Reemergence. Journal of Latin American Anthropology, 8: 4-30. doi:10.1525/jlca.2003.8.3.4 This source spoke on the contrast of Buenos Aires to other latin american countries. Usually other countries are centered around indigenous life, however, in Buenos Aires the indigenous people there contributed to the fall of the city during its first beginnings.
Mantho, Robert. 2015. The Urban Section, First Edition. London: Routledge. Mantho critically analyzes street design, dividing the types of streets into “two distinct spatial scales – that of the individual street – the Street Section – and the complex of city streets – the City Transect.” Buenos Aires is used as an example of why city streets contribute to the city design and its functions. Mantho’s discussion utilizes historical aspects to strengthen his analysis.
Martire, Agustina. 2012. “Imported and Translated Landscapes: Buenos Aires Nineteenth-Century Waterfront Parks.” Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 32 (4): 258–76. Martire discusses the importance of Waterfront Parks in Buenos Aires. The article describes the international influences and local influences that produced waterfront parks in the city. The article explains the changing landscape design and the significance of this particular land use within Buenos Aires in the nineteenth century.
McFarlane, Anthony. 2014. War and Independence in Spanish America. New York: Routledge. McFarlane accounts the “war in Spanish America during the period after the collapse of the Spanish government in 1808”. This book will provide historical context that can help to give background knowledge on how planning was affected by the war for independence.
Morosi, Julio Angel. 2003. “La Plata: An Advanced Nineteenth Century New Town with Ancient Roots.” Planning Perspectives 18 (1): 23. Morosi tells of La Plata, the new capital of Buenos Aires. The plan was founded on a Spanish American model of new towns. Nineteenth century urban theories lead to the formation of La Plata and Morosi discusses how La Plata came to be. “La Plata became one of the first cases in which the nineteenth century 'progressist model' — the hygienic city, as defined by Franqoise Choay — was adopted and actually built.”
Myers, David J., and Henry A. Dietz. Capital City Politics in Latin America: Democratization and Empowerment. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2002. The viceroyalty creation in 1776 is a big reason why the city experienced great expansion and was definitely a turning point in the city’s history. It established them as a political administrative and commercial space which helped bring them the solid municipal foundation.
Needell, J. 1995. Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires: Public Space and Public Consciousness in Fin-de-Siècle Latin America. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 37 (3), 519-540. This article is a comparative study of Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro that views post-colonial development as a discussion regarding the desires and visions of the bourgeoisies and how they shaped the subsequent built environment. The primary indicator is whether or not this class wished to preserve or erase the past. The intricacies of how Buenos Aires changed in the post-colonial era will be described well in this source.
Outtes, Joel. 2003. “Disciplining Society through the City: The Genesis of City Planning in Brazil and Argentina (1894–1945).” Bulletin of Latin American Research 22 (2): 137–64. This article discusses urbanismo, or city planning, within Brazil and Argentina in the late nineteenth century. This gives a broad context for city planning, but encompasses Buenos Aires. The article discusses the ability for planning in this era to create an industrial culture in South America.
Ospina Leon, Juan Sebastian. 2017. "The Conventillo, the Department Store, and the Cabaret: Navigating Urban Space and Social Class in Argentine Silent Cinema, 1916-1929." Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies 913569325) 26 (3): 377-91. This source discusses the social instability in Buenos Aires during 1916- 1929. Buenos Aires is portrayed as a dark metropolis where "fallen women" and immigrants lived bleakly in tenement housing and suffered through class inequality.
Ludwig, Pablo. 1892. “Ciudad de Buenos-Aires y Distrito Federal. ‘City of Buenos Aires and Federal District.’” Pablo Ludwig. This map shows the City of Buenos Aires and the Federal District in 1892. A gridded system can be seen. This is an important primary source, as it shows the physical layout of the city of Buenos Aires in the late nineteenth century.
Pastor, José M.F., and David J. Keeling. "Buenos Aires." Encyclopædia Britannica. January 18, 2019. Accessed February 12, 2019. http://www.britannica.com/place/Buenos-Aires/History. This talks about the double founding of buenos aires and how indigenous people were one of the main factors in why the settlement had to be reestablished. This talks about how despite downfalls the city was able to regroup and create an even stronger establishment. Perry, Mark. “THE ‘DRIVER’ (Cover Story).” Foreign Policy, no. 200 (June 5, 2013): 64–72. This article is about Imad Mughniyeh, a senior official of an Islamic militant group and political party Hezbollah. Imad Mughniyeh was involved in the 1994 bombing of Buenos Aries’s synagogue. The article also includes details about his particiapation in the Palestinian Fatah movement. Planning Latin America's Capital Cities: 1850 - 1950. London: Routledge, 2002. This book gave detailed insight on the French influences in Buenos Aires in the last two centuries. The book also discussed many architects that proposed plans for the city and whether the proposals were successfully implemented or failed upon the realization of the lack feasibility.
Politi, Daniel. “Ex-President Of Argentina Is Accused Of Treason.” New York Times 167, no. 57805 (December 8, 2017): A4–A4. This source discusses the accusation of ex-president of Argentina's involvement with acts of treason. The ex-president had charges related to the 1994 bombing of a Jewsih community center.
Rosenthal, Anton. 2000. Spectacle, Fear, and Protest: A Guide to the History of Urban Public Space in Latin America. Social Science History, 24 (1), 33-73. Within the historical context of controversial or contested public spaces, Rosenthal argues that Mexico City, Buenos Aires, Havana, Bogota, and Rio de Janeiro are all interesting cities to study. This article will give a perspective regarding the general trends of construction, reconstruction and growth of Latin American cities, specifically public spaces, that have been colonized by European countries.
Soldan, Paz and Mariano Felipe. n.d. “Plano de Buenos-Aires. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection.” Buenos Aires, Argentina: Feliz Lajouane. Accessed February 10, 2019. This map, in comparison to the previous map, shows a more detailed version of the gridded system within Buenos Aires. This map is from 1888, showing a similar physical layout. This is another useful primary source that shows the city’s form.
Sargent, Charles S. n.d. The Spatial Evolution of Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1870-1930. Tempe : Center for Latin American Studies, Arizona State University. Accessed February 10, 2019. This book discusses the urban dynamics and the changing patterns of residential development within Buenos Aires in 1870-1930. This encompasses the period of independence and may reveal the impacts of independence on the urban form.
Scobie, James R. n.d. Buenos Aires : Plaza to Suburb, 1870-1910. New York : Oxford University Press, 1974. Accessed February 10, 2019. This book attempts to “analyze the locational forces and social structure of Argentina’s capital city during the period of its most rapid growth”. This book could provide a background on how rapid growth in Buenos Aires transformed the urban form and plan.
Socolow, Susan Migden. The Bureaucrats of Buenos Aires, 1769-1810: Amor Al Real Servicio. Durham: Duke University Press, 1987. There was a redistribution of power in this city that helped the city with future growth. Buenos aires later became the fastest growing city in the spanish colonial world which attested to their fast emergence.
Szuchman, Mark D. 1988. Order, Family, and Community in Buenos Aires, 1810-1860. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press. This book gives a broad context of how the community within Buenos Aires was during the early nineteenth century. This could possibly reveal the values that residents had in this time period; values may translate to the urban form. I plan to explore this further to see whether or not it will be a helpful text or not, but it is important to have a broad understanding of community in Buenos Aires.
Wilson, Jason. 1999. Buenos Aires: A Cultural and Literary Companion. Vol. 1. Cities of Imagination. Signal Books. This book will serve as a “go-to” resource as it contains information regarding the city planning perspectives, historical context, cultural aspects and relevance, transportation and walkability, the city centers and more.
Useful websites
https://www.britannica.com/place/Buenos-Aires/History This is a website that provides a broad history of Buenos Aires. It goes into detail of the beginnings of this city and discusses the Landscape, Culture, Economy, Culture and much more.
https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/view/search/where/Buenos%2BAires%2B%2528Argentina%2529?q=buenos+aires&sort=pub_list_no_initialsort%2Cpub_date%2Cpub_list_no%2Cseries_no This is a website where many of Buenos Aires maps can be found. There are collections of maps from various centuries and it shows the physical layout of the city.
https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-buenos-aires-2136353 This website provided a history of Buenos Aires from its foundation to present day Buenos Aires. It succinctly discusses the immigration in the early 20th century, the bombings of Plaza de Mayo, and ideological differences in the last century.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-18712378 This website gives a profile of Argentina. It lists key events in chronological order and provides relevant political and cultural images from different eras.
https://therealargentina.com/en/interactive-walking-tour-map-of-buenos-aires-history/ This website gives a guided/interactive walking tour of Buenos Aires with historical context.
https://wander-argentina.com/plaza-de-mayo-argentinas-most-famous-square/ This website gives a thorough description of the Plaza de Mayo, including establishment, bombings and the protests that have occured there with awesome images.
DSC-3943-Puente-de-la-Mujer-web-L.jpg This website shows a map of the coastal parts of Buenos Aires along the Rio de la Plata. It also highlights the port after its reconstruction and the different entry zones it has.
https://www.argentina-excepcion.com/en/travel-guide/history/origins-colonization This websites shows different images of life before the time of Spanish Colonization and sets a general overview of possible time periods to research in order to find more information about the indigenous communities of Buenos Aires.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ushistory/chapter/the-exploration-and-conquest-of-the-new-world/ This guide discusses the general effect that Spanish Colonization had on the Americas as a whole and provides a starting point for a general understanding of these ideas.